Sedimentary Rock

rocks · earth science · geology · layers

Built from particles. Sedimentary rocks are made of small pieces called sediments that come from broken-down rocks, minerals, or dead sea creatures. These particles get transported by water, wind, ice, or gravity until they settle in one place.

Underwater accumulation. Many sedimentary rocks form on ocean floors where layers of sediments pile up over time. Shells, bones, and poop from sea animals mix with rock particles to create these thick layers.

Natural transporters. Water, wind, ice, and gravity are the main agents that move sediments from place to place. A river might carry sand and dirt hundreds of miles before dropping it in a lake or ocean.

Cementation process. When sediments get buried deep underground, pressure and natural cements squeeze them together into solid rock. This transformation takes millions of years but creates rocks strong enough to build mountains.

Many types exist. Sandstone, shale, and limestone are common sedimentary rocks, each made from different types of particles. Limestone often contains shells and skeleton bits from ancient sea creatures.