William the Conqueror

medieval history · england · normandy · 1066

Won at Hastings. In 1066, William led a Franco-Norman army across the English Channel and defeated the Anglo-Saxon king Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. This single victory gave William the throne of England.

First Norman King. After the Battle of Hastings, William became the first Norman king of England and reigned from 1066 until his death. He transformed English culture, language, and government by bringing Norman-French influence to the island.

Duke of Normandy. Before invading England, William was already the Duke of Normandy in France starting in 1035. By 1060, after a long struggle, he had full control of his dukedom and was powerful enough to attempt conquering England.

Ruled two realms. William had to balance power over both England and Normandy for the rest of his life. This meant constant travel and fighting to keep both his English kingdom and his French lands secure.

Trouble with his son. William's eldest son, Robert Curthose, caused him difficulties throughout his life. Father and son had conflicts over power and inheritance that troubled William's later years.